Psychology / Unit 4: States of Consciousness
4.6 Psychoactive Drugs: Health Effects
Notes
Psychoactive drugs change brain chemistry, mood or perception. They work by affecting neurotransmitters.
| Type | Examples | Effect on the body |
|---|---|---|
| Depressants | Alcohol | Slow brain activity, impair judgment and coordination |
| Stimulants | Caffeine, nicotine | Speed up activity; raise heart rate |
| Hallucinogens | LSD | Change perception |
| Opioids | Prescription painkillers | Reduce pain; high risk of dependence and overdose |
- Tolerance: needing more of a drug to get the same effect. Dependence/addiction: the body or mind relies on the drug and stopping causes withdrawal.
- Teen brains are still developing, so substance use carries added risks to memory, learning and mental health.
- Help is available. Anyone concerned about their own or someone else's substance use can talk to a trusted adult, school counselor or doctor.
Practice
Alcohol is classified as which type of drug?
Alcohol slows activity in the central nervous system.
Over several months, Ethan needs more and more of a substance to feel the same effect. This is called:
Tolerance means the same dose has less effect over time.
Which is the best description of withdrawal?
Withdrawal is the body's reaction after stopping a substance.
Ready for more? Take the Unit 4 test.