Notes
Festivals and traditions
- Día de los Muertos (México, Nov 1-2): ofrendas, cempasúchil, pan de muerto. La Tomatina (Buñol, Spain, August). San Fermín (Pamplona, July). Inti Raymi (Cusco, Perú, June 24, sun god Inti). Las Fallas (Valencia, March).
- Quinceañera: 15th birthday. Mate: Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. Tapas: Spain.
Art and music
- Painters: Velázquez (Las Meninas), Goya, Picasso (Guernica, cubism), Dalí (surrealism), Kahlo (self-portraits), Rivera (murals), Botero. Architect: Gaudí (Sagrada Família).
- Music: flamenco (Andalucía), tango (Río de la Plata), salsa (Caribbean and New York), cumbia (Colombia), mariachi (México), bachata (República Dominicana).
Literature and civilizations
- Cervantes (Don Quijote, 1605), Bécquer (Rimas, "Poesía... eres tú"), Martí (Versos sencillos, "Yo soy un hombre sincero"), Sor Juana, Darío (modernismo).
- Maya (Chichén Itzá), Azteca (Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City), Inca (Cusco, Machu Picchu). Indigenous languages: náhuatl, quechua, maya, guaraní.
Topics in this unit
Each topic has its own short notes and practice.
Practice
Bécquer wrote the Rimas, published after his death in 1871.
Ofrendas with cempasúchil are part of Día de los Muertos in México.
Dalí painted La persistencia de la memoria.
Tango developed in Buenos Aires and Montevideo.
Mate is a drink typical of Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay.
José Martí wrote Versos sencillos (1891) and led Cuba's independence movement.
Free response
Write your answer first, then open the scoring guide.
Free-response question
Lee: "Cada año, en Buñol, un pueblo de España, miles de personas se reúnen para La Tomatina. Mi tía, que vive en México, prefiere el Día de los Muertos, porque le gusta recordar a sus abuelos. Dice que la música, la comida y las flores hacen la fiesta muy bella."
(a) Explain what happens in La Tomatina and where it takes place.
Show the answer and scoring guide
It is a tomato fight held in Buñol, Spain, in August.
Check off the points you earned:
(b) Why does the aunt prefer Día de los Muertos? Mention two elements of the holiday.
Show the answer and scoring guide
She likes remembering her grandparents. The holiday includes ofrendas, flowers (cempasúchil), music and food such as pan de muerto.
Check off the points you earned:
(c) Write two or three Spanish sentences about a cultural topic from this unit (an artist, a musical genre, or a festival).
Show the answer and scoring guide
Example: Picasso fue un pintor español. Pintó Guernica en 1937. El cuadro protesta contra la guerra.
Check off the points you earned: