Notes
Population
- Density = people divided by area. People cluster in fertile river valleys, plains and coasts; deserts, polar regions and high mountains are sparse.
- Natural increase = birth rate minus death rate. The demographic transition model goes from high birth and death rates (stage 1) to low rates (stage 4).
- A wide-based population pyramid means fast growth; a narrow base means an aging population.
Migration and culture
- Push factors drive people out; pull factors attract them. Refugees flee danger; economic migrants seek work. Net migration = immigrants minus emigrants.
- Cultural diffusion can be relocation (people move) or expansion (ideas spread). Assimilation replaces; acculturation blends.
Language, religion and cities
- Indo-European is the language family with the most speakers; Mandarin has the most native speakers. Christianity and Islam are the largest religions.
- Urbanization is rising worldwide. Megacities exceed 10 million people. Rapid growth can bring slums, traffic and pollution.
Topics in this unit
Each topic has its own short notes and practice.
Practice
$12{,}000{,}000 \div 60{,}000 = 200$.
$18 - 8 = 10$ per 1,000, which is 1.0 percent.
Pull factors attract migrants to a destination.
Ethnic religions are tied to a particular people or place.
Many children mean growth momentum.
Sprawl is the outward expansion of development onto land at the city's edge.
Free response
Write your answer first, then open the scoring guide.
Free-response question
A developing country has a high birth rate of 32 per 1,000, a death rate of 9 per 1,000, a young population and rapidly growing cities.
(a) Calculate the natural increase per 1,000 and as a percent.
Show the answer and scoring guide
$32 - 9 = 23$ per 1,000, which is 2.3 percent.
Check off the points you earned:
(b) Identify the demographic transition stage this country is most likely in, and give one reason.
Show the answer and scoring guide
Stage 2. Death rates have fallen (due to better health care and food) but birth rates are still high, so the population grows quickly.
Check off the points you earned:
(c) Explain one push factor and one pull factor that could be causing people to move from rural areas to its cities.
Show the answer and scoring guide
Push: lack of farmland or rural poverty. Pull: jobs in factories and services, schools and health care in cities.
Check off the points you earned: