AP African American Studies / Unit 4: Movements and Debates
4.9 Black Religious Nationalism and the Black Power Movement
Notes
The Nation of Islam (Elijah Muhammad) and Malcolm X promoted Black self-reliance and self-defense. Black Power (Stokely Carmichael, 1966) called for Black pride, political power and community control.
Practice
Malcolm X emphasized:
Later embraced broader Pan-Africanism.
Stokely Carmichael popularized the phrase:
1966.
Black Power emphasized:
Self-determination.
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