AP Chemistry / Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures
3.9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures
Notes
- Paper/column chromatography: separates by attraction to the stationary vs mobile phase.
- Distillation: separates by boiling point (IMF strength).
- Filtration: separates solids from liquids.
Practice
In paper chromatography with a polar solvent, a polar dye travels:
It's attracted to the mobile phase.
Distillation separates components by differences in:
Weaker IMFs boil off first.
$R_f$ = distance traveled by the spot ÷:
Ratio of distances.
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