AP Chemistry / Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry
9.10 Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions
Notes
As a cell runs, $Q$ rises and $E$ falls. When it reaches equilibrium, $E=0$ (the battery is dead).
- If $Q<1$, $E>E^\circ$; if $Q>1$, $E<E^\circ$.
Practice
A battery is "dead" when:
No driving force left.
Increasing the reactant concentration in a galvanic cell makes $E$:
$Q$ decreases.
As a galvanic cell runs, $Q$:
Products build up.
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