AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism / Unit 11: Electric Circuits
11.2 Electric Circuits
Notes
A circuit has an emf source, conductors and components. Real batteries have internal resistance: $V_{terminal}=\varepsilon-Ir$.
Practice
A 12 V battery with 1 Ω internal resistance delivers 2 A. Terminal voltage:
$12-2(1)$.
An ideal ammeter has:
It shouldn't change the current.
An ideal voltmeter has:
Draws no current.
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