English 9 / Unit 2: Characterization and Point of View
2.1 Direct and Indirect Characterization
Notes
Characterization is how an author reveals what a character is like.
- Direct characterization: the narrator states a trait outright ("Kai was stubborn").
- Indirect characterization: the reader infers traits from clues. Remember STEAL:
| Letter | Clue |
|---|---|
| S | Speech: what the character says and how |
| T | Thoughts: what the character thinks |
| E | Effect on others: how others react |
| A | Actions: what the character does |
| L | Looks: appearance and dress |
- Example: "Lena tossed her phone to the crying boy so he could call his mom." (Action shows kindness.)
Practice
Which sentence uses direct characterization?
The narrator states Marco's traits directly.
"When Coach Diaz entered the gym, the players stopped talking and stood up straight." This reveals character through:
Others' reactions show that Coach Diaz commands respect.
"'Whatever,' Tess muttered, rolling her eyes as her mother spoke." Which trait is best supported?
Her speech and action suggest she is dismissive.
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